Neonatology Thesis Topics

Neonatology Thesis Topics

Neonatology focuses on the care of critically ill and high-risk newborns, including resuscitation at birth, intensive care support and follow-up of preterm and term infants. This page presents 100 practical Neonatology thesis topics designed for Doctorate of Medicine (DM) Neonatology residents in India and trainees in Gulf Cooperation Council countries, Arab Board neonatal programmes and regional neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) fellowships.

The titles are structured as comparative, observational and cross sectional studies that are feasible in busy Indian and Gulf NICUs, with a strong clinical and outcome focus. They are search-optimised for Neonatology thesis topics, DM Neonatology dissertation topics, NICU research projects in India, GCC neonatology research ideas and Arab Board neonatology thesis titles.

1. Neonatal Resuscitation and Delivery Room Management

Comparative study of delayed versus immediate cord clamping on haemoglobin levels and short-term outcomes in term and late preterm neonates. This thesis evaluates haematologic parameters, need for phototherapy and early respiratory support in babies born at a tertiary hospital.
Comparative study of plastic wrap plus radiant warmer versus radiant warmer alone for prevention of hypothermia in very preterm neonates in the delivery room. The project examines admission temperature, incidence of moderate to severe hypothermia and early neonatal morbidity.
Observational study of adherence to neonatal resuscitation guidelines and its association with delivery room outcomes. This research assesses resuscitation steps, team preparedness and need for advanced interventions in high-risk deliveries.
Comparative study of room air versus blended oxygen for initial resuscitation of term neonates requiring positive pressure ventilation. The thesis evaluates Apgar score recovery, need for intensive care admission and incidence of hyperoxia or hypoxia.
Cross sectional analysis of risk factors and perinatal predictors of need for advanced neonatal resuscitation. This study examines antenatal, intrapartum and fetal monitoring variables associated with intubation or chest compressions.
Observational study of delivery room management practices for neonates with meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The project evaluates suction practices, respiratory distress and NICU admission rates.
Comparative study of pre-warmed transport incubators versus conventional transport practices on thermal stability during transfer from delivery room to NICU. This thesis analyses temperature changes, cardiorespiratory instability and early complications during transport.
Cross sectional study of knowledge and skill retention in neonatal resuscitation among paediatric residents and nurses. The research uses objective assessments and correlates training frequency with performance.
Observational study of causes and timing of unanticipated neonatal resuscitation in low-risk deliveries. This project examines antenatal assessments, labour events and potential missed risk factors.
Comparative study of use of laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation in selected neonatal resuscitation scenarios where airway expertise is limited. The thesis evaluates ease of use, time to effective ventilation and short-term outcomes.

2. Prematurity and Low Birth Weight Outcomes

Comparative study of outcomes in late preterm versus term neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. This research evaluates respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, jaundice and length of hospital stay.
Observational study of morbidity and mortality patterns in extremely low birth weight infants in a tertiary NICU. The thesis analyses respiratory, sepsis, neurological and nutritional complications and their contribution to outcome.
Comparative study of kangaroo mother care versus conventional care in stable low birth weight neonates. This project assesses weight gain, temperature stability, breastfeeding success and parental bonding.
Cross sectional analysis of antenatal steroid coverage and its association with respiratory and neurological outcomes in preterm infants. The research examines completeness of steroid courses, gestational age and outcome measures.
Comparative study of outcomes in small for gestational age versus appropriate for gestational age preterm neonates. This thesis evaluates growth patterns, hypoglycaemia, feeding intolerance and neurodevelopmental follow-up.
Observational study of readmission rates and causes in preterm infants within the first six months after discharge. The project documents respiratory infections, feeding problems and failure to thrive.
Comparative study of different discharge criteria and follow-up protocols for preterm neonates on growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. This research compares structured follow-up clinics versus routine outpatient visits in Indian or Gulf settings.
Cross sectional study of maternal risk factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth in a referral population. The thesis examines infection, hypertension, multiple pregnancy and lifestyle factors.
Observational study of long-term visual and hearing outcomes in very preterm and very low birth weight survivors. This project evaluates screening practices, early intervention and residual deficits at two to three years.
Comparative study of growth patterns in preterm infants receiving fortified human milk versus preterm formula. The research assesses weight, length, head circumference growth and hospital stay.

3. Neonatal Respiratory Disorders and Ventilation Strategies

Comparative study of early continuous positive airway pressure versus early intubation and surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm neonates. This thesis evaluates need for mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and survival.
Comparative study of high-flow nasal cannula versus continuous positive airway pressure as primary non-invasive support in moderate respiratory distress. The project compares treatment failure, nasal trauma and feeding tolerance.
Observational study of causes and radiographic patterns of respiratory distress in term and near-term neonates. This research describes transient tachypnoea, meconium aspiration, pneumonia and congenital heart disease presentations.
Comparative study of early surfactant administration strategies: intubate–surfactant–extubate versus traditional surfactant with prolonged ventilation. The thesis evaluates duration of respiratory support, complications and bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates.
Cross sectional analysis of ventilator-associated complications in mechanically ventilated neonates. This study examines air leak syndromes, infection, chronic lung disease and modifiable risk factors.
Observational study of weaning practices from mechanical ventilation and predictors of extubation failure. The project evaluates readiness criteria, blood gas parameters and post-extubation support.
Comparative study of caffeine therapy initiation timing on respiratory outcomes in very preterm infants. This research assesses apnoea episodes, duration of respiratory support and length of stay.
Cross sectional analysis of oxygen saturation targeting practices and incidence of retinopathy of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The thesis examines target ranges, monitoring systems and adherence in the NICU.
Observational study of pulmonary hypertension in neonates with respiratory failure and its association with mortality. This project evaluates echocardiographic markers, oxygenation indices and treatment strategies.
Comparative study of continuous positive airway pressure device types such as bubble systems versus mechanical continuous positive airway pressure where both are used. The research compares failure rates, nasal injury and nursing workload.

4. Neonatal Sepsis, Infections and Antibiotic Stewardship

Cross sectional study of blood culture–proven early-onset and late-onset sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit. This thesis analyses organism profile, antimicrobial resistance patterns and case fatality rates.
Comparative study of C-reactive protein versus procalcitonin as biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of neonatal sepsis where both tests are available. The project evaluates sensitivity, specificity and impact on antibiotic duration.
Observational study of risk factors for late-onset sepsis in preterm and very low birth weight infants. This research examines invasive devices, parenteral nutrition, ventilation and environmental factors.
Comparative study of short-course versus conventional-duration antibiotic therapy in selected, clinically improving culture-negative sepsis. The thesis evaluates relapse, mortality and antibiotic exposure.
Cross sectional analysis of antimicrobial prescription patterns and adherence to unit antibiotic policy. This study assesses empirical choices, de-escalation practices and overuse indicators.
Observational study of fungal sepsis in the NICU: risk factors, clinical features and outcomes. The project examines central line use, broad-spectrum antibiotics and mortality predictors.
Comparative study of central line–associated bloodstream infection rates before and after implementation of a bundle-based infection control programme. This research evaluates compliance, infection rates and associated costs.
Cross sectional study of maternal risk factors and intrapartum practices associated with early-onset neonatal sepsis. The thesis explores prolonged rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis and intrapartum antibiotic use.
Observational study of sepsis-related neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 to 24 months in very low birth weight infants. This project evaluates cognitive, motor and language scores using standard tools.
Comparative study of different hand hygiene promotion strategies on observed compliance and infection rates in the NICU. The research compares education sessions, reminders and feedback methods.

5. Nutrition, Breastfeeding and Metabolic Disorders in Neonates

Comparative study of exclusive breastfeeding versus mixed feeding on early growth and morbidity in term newborns. This thesis evaluates infection rates, weight gain and hospital readmissions in the first three months of life.
Observational study of feeding intolerance in preterm infants receiving fortified human milk. The project examines gastric residuals, abdominal distension, necrotising enterocolitis and growth outcomes.
Comparative study of human milk fortification strategies: standard fortification versus targeted fortification where human milk analysis is available. This research assesses growth velocity, biochemical parameters and length of stay.
Cross sectional analysis of hypoglycaemia incidence and risk factors in large for gestational age, small for gestational age and late preterm neonates. The thesis evaluates early feeding practices, monitoring protocols and short-term outcomes.
Observational study of time to full enteral feeds and factors affecting it in very low birth weight infants. This project examines feeding protocols, sepsis, respiratory support and surgical conditions.
Comparative study of donor human milk versus preterm formula in very preterm infants when donor milk banking is available. The research evaluates necrotising enterocolitis, sepsis and growth parameters.
Cross sectional study of micronutrient supplementation practices in preterm infants and their association with anaemia and osteopenia. This thesis analyses iron, vitamin D and other supplements.
Observational study of inborn errors of metabolism presenting in the neonatal period in a tertiary care centre. The project describes clinical features, metabolic testing patterns and short-term outcomes.
Comparative study of cup feeding versus bottle feeding for expressed breast milk in preterm infants near discharge. This research evaluates breastfeeding continuation, aspiration risk and caregiver acceptability.
Cross sectional analysis of early initiation of breastfeeding practices and barriers in public and private sector deliveries. The thesis examines mode of delivery, staff support and maternal knowledge.

6. Neonatal Jaundice and Bilirubin Management

Cross sectional study of risk factors, clinical profile and outcomes in term and preterm neonates with significant hyperbilirubinaemia. This thesis evaluates haemolytic and non-haemolytic causes, feeding patterns and readmission rates.
Comparative study of transcutaneous bilirubinometry versus serum bilirubin estimation for screening of neonatal jaundice. The project assesses correlation, sensitivity and impact on blood sampling frequency.
Observational study of phototherapy practices and complications in a tertiary care NICU. This research documents irradiance levels, duration of therapy, dehydration and skin changes.
Comparative study of single-surface versus double-surface phototherapy units on rate of bilirubin decline in term neonates. The thesis evaluates treatment duration, weight change and side effects.
Cross sectional analysis of neonatal jaundice readmissions after early hospital discharge in healthy term newborns. This study examines discharge timing, follow-up practices and severity at readmission.
Observational study of acute bilirubin encephalopathy cases and association with gaps in screening and treatment. The project evaluates recognition of risk factors, treatment delays and short-term neurological status.
Comparative study of phototherapy threshold nomograms used in Indian versus international guidelines and their effect on phototherapy usage. This research assesses phototherapy initiation rates, duration and outcomes.
Cross sectional analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinaemia. The thesis examines prevalence, triggers and need for exchange transfusion.
Observational study of long-term auditory and neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates who underwent exchange transfusion for hyperbilirubinaemia. This project evaluates hearing assessments and developmental screening at follow-up.
Comparative study of continuous versus intermittent phototherapy strategies in moderately severe jaundice where both protocols are practiced. The research examines bilirubin decline, sleep patterns and parental satisfaction.

7. Congenital Anomalies and Genetic Disorders

Cross sectional study of major congenital anomalies detected at birth and their short-term outcomes in a tertiary hospital. This thesis describes prevalence, organ systems involved and need for surgical interventions.
Observational study of antenatal detection rates of structural anomalies and impact on neonatal management. The project evaluates prenatal ultrasonography findings, counselling and decisions regarding place of delivery.
Comparative study of outcomes in neonates with critical congenital heart disease diagnosed antenatally versus postnatally. This research assesses time to intervention, preoperative status and mortality.
Cross sectional analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in neonates with dysmorphic features and multiple anomalies. The thesis examines diagnostic yield of karyotyping and genetic testing where available.
Observational study of neural tube defects: perinatal risk factors, associated anomalies and early outcomes. This project evaluates folic acid intake, maternal comorbidities and timing of surgery.
Comparative study of immediate and short-term outcomes of infants with gastroschisis versus omphalocele managed at a tertiary centre. The research examines surgical strategies, sepsis and survival.
Cross sectional analysis of facial clefts and associated anomalies in neonates. This thesis describes feeding difficulties, airway problems and referral patterns.
Observational study of Down syndrome neonates: perinatal characteristics, associated anomalies and early morbidity. The project examines cardiac lesions, feeding problems and infection risk.
Comparative study of outcomes in neonates with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia versus those with additional anomalies. This research evaluates ventilation needs, surgical timing and survival.
Cross sectional study of parental counselling practices and psychosocial support in families with neonates diagnosed with major congenital anomalies. The thesis assesses understanding, satisfaction and perceived support.

8. Neurology and Neurodevelopment in Neonates

Observational study of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in term neonates: perinatal risk factors, staging and early outcomes. This thesis evaluates Apgar scores, cord pH, therapeutic hypothermia availability and short-term neurological status.
Comparative study of therapeutic hypothermia versus standard care in moderate hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy where cooling is available. The project assesses seizures, magnetic resonance imaging findings and neurodevelopment at 18 to 24 months.
Cross sectional analysis of electroencephalography abnormalities and clinical seizure patterns in neonates with suspected encephalopathy. This research explores diagnostic yield and impact on treatment decisions.
Observational study of intracranial haemorrhage in preterm infants: risk factors, cranial ultrasonography findings and outcomes. The thesis evaluates association with respiratory support, sepsis and neurodevelopment.
Comparative study of different anticonvulsant regimens used for neonatal seizures on seizure control and side effect profiles. The project assesses time to seizure cessation, neuroimaging abnormalities and follow-up development.
Cross sectional analysis of tone abnormalities and early neurological examination findings in high-risk neonates at follow-up. This study examines association with perinatal factors and imaging.
Observational study of neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years in very preterm infants using standard developmental scales. The thesis evaluates cognitive, motor, language and behavioural domains and correlates them with NICU morbidities.
Comparative study of early intervention programmes versus routine follow-up on neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk infants. This research assesses effect of physiotherapy, occupational therapy and parental training programmes.
Cross sectional study of visual impairment and retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants at follow-up clinics. The project evaluates screening coverage, treatment and functional visual outcomes.
Observational study of hearing screening outcomes and follow-up in preterm and high-risk term infants. This thesis examines timing of screening, prevalence of hearing loss and early amplification or intervention.

9. Neonatal Cardiovascular Disorders and Hemodynamics

Cross sectional analysis of patent ductus arteriosus incidence and clinical significance in preterm neonates. This study evaluates association with respiratory support, feeding intolerance and intraventricular haemorrhage.
Comparative study of conservative management versus pharmacologic closure of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. The thesis compares closure rates, complications and long-term morbidity.
Observational study of shock and hypotension in very low birth weight infants: clinical profile and response to fluid and inotropic therapy. This research evaluates echocardiography findings, lactate levels and mortality.
Comparative study of dopamine versus dobutamine as first-line inotropic agent in neonatal septic shock where both are used. The project assesses haemodynamic response, adverse effects and survival.
Cross sectional analysis of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: risk factors, echocardiographic patterns and outcomes. This thesis evaluates association with meconium aspiration, sepsis and congenital anomalies.
Observational study of screening for critical congenital heart disease using pulse oximetry in the postnatal ward. The research explores detection rates, false positives and referral pathways.
Comparative study of fluid-restrictive versus standard fluid strategies in haemodynamically stable preterm infants at risk of patent ductus arteriosus and chronic lung disease. The project evaluates weight changes, renal function and respiratory outcomes.
Cross sectional analysis of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in infants of diabetic mothers. This study examines cardiomyopathy patterns, arrhythmias and short-term outcomes.
Observational study of blood pressure trends during the first week of life in extremely preterm infants and association with brain injury. The thesis evaluates hypotension thresholds, treatment and cranial ultrasonography findings.
Comparative study of early versus delayed echocardiography-guided cardiovascular assessment in very preterm infants. This research assesses targeted management, need for inotropes and clinical outcomes.

10. NICU Quality Improvement, Infection Control and Long-Term Outcomes

Observational study of admission and discharge patterns, case mix and outcomes in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. This thesis provides a descriptive audit of NICU functioning, including mortality and major morbidity rates.
Comparative study of outcomes before and after implementation of a structured hand hygiene and infection control bundle in the NICU. The project evaluates changes in sepsis rates, device-associated infections and antimicrobial use.
Cross sectional analysis of medication errors in the NICU and impact of a medication safety intervention. This research looks at prescribing, dispensing and administration errors and their prevention.
Observational study of kangaroo mother care programme implementation on NICU occupancy, breastfeeding rates and parental satisfaction. The thesis assesses feasibility, barriers and benefits of scaling up kangaroo mother care.
Comparative study of different staffing patterns and nurse-to-patient ratios on selected quality indicators in the NICU. The project examines infection rates, documentation completeness and adverse events.
Cross sectional analysis of parental satisfaction and communication experience during NICU stay. This study uses structured questionnaires to evaluate information provision, involvement in care and emotional support.
Observational study of follow-up completeness and loss to follow-up in high-risk infant clinics linked to the NICU. The thesis explores demographic and logistical factors associated with missed appointments.
Comparative study of implementation of standardised care bundles for prevention of necrotising enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis. This research evaluates adherence, incidence of necrotising enterocolitis, sepsis and mortality.
Cross sectional study of documentation and adherence to pain assessment and management practices in the NICU. The project assesses use of pain scales, analgesic protocols and staff awareness.
Observational study of long-term growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes of NICU graduates at two to three years of age. This thesis correlates early morbidities, length of stay and family factors with developmental trajectories.
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